용어집

Alpha Channel

Alpha Channel (Transparency Mask)

An alpha channel stores transparency information for each pixel in an image, with values ranging from fully transparent to fully opaque. It is the fourth channel in RGBA color, enabling smooth blending of images over backgrounds.

Aspect Ratio

Aspect Ratio (Width-to-Height Proportion)

Aspect ratio is the proportional relationship between an image's width and height, expressed as two numbers separated by a colon. Common ratios include 16:9 (widescreen), 4:3 (classic), and 1:1 (square).

AVIF

AVIF (AV1 이미지 파일 형식)

AV1 비디오 코덱 기술을 이미지에 적용한 차세대 이미지 형식으로, JPEG보다 최대 50% 더 뛰어난 압축률을 제공하면서 HDR, 와이드 컬러 갬벗, 투명도를 지원합니다.

Chroma Subsampling

Chroma Subsampling (Color Resolution Reduction)

Chroma subsampling reduces the color resolution of an image while preserving full brightness (luminance) detail. Human eyes are less sensitive to color changes than brightness changes, making this an efficient compression technique.

Chromatic Aberration

A lens defect causing color fringing at edges where different wavelengths of light focus at slightly different points.

Color Grading (Image)

Image Color Grading

Adjusting color balance, contrast, and tone curves to achieve a desired mood or visual style in an image.

Compression Artifact

Compression Artifact (Visual Distortion)

Compression artifacts are visible distortions introduced by lossy compression algorithms. Common artifacts include blockiness (JPEG macroblocks), ringing around sharp edges, color banding in gradients, and mosquito noise.

Dithering (Image)

Image Dithering

A technique that simulates additional colors by arranging limited-palette pixels in patterns that blend visually.

Image Histogram

A graphical representation of pixel intensity distribution in an image, used to assess exposure and contrast.

Image Registration

Aligning two or more images of the same scene taken at different times, viewpoints, or by different sensors.

Metadata

Metadata (Image Descriptive Data)

Image metadata is information embedded within an image file that describes its properties, origin, and content. This includes EXIF camera data, IPTC editorial information, XMP descriptive tags, and ICC color profiles.

Resolution

해상도 (픽셀 크기)

디지털 이미지의 픽셀 수로, 일반적으로 너비 × 높이(예: 1920×1080)로 표현됩니다. 해상도가 높을수록 이미지에 더 많은 디테일을 담을 수 있지만 파일 크기도 커집니다.

Alpha Compositing

Combining semi-transparent images by blending pixel colors according to their alpha channel values.

Image Pyramid

A multi-scale representation of an image at progressively lower resolutions, used in image analysis and blending.

Rasterization

Rasterization (Vector-to-Pixel Conversion)

Rasterization is the process of converting vector graphics (mathematical shapes) into raster images (pixel grids). This is necessary when displaying SVG, PDF, or font glyphs on pixel-based screens or exporting to bitmap formats.

Color Space

Color Space (Color Model)

A color space is a specific organization of colors that defines the gamut (range) of representable colors. sRGB is the web standard, Adobe RGB covers more greens and cyans for print, and Display P3 serves modern wide-gamut displays.

Lossy Compression

Lossy Compression (Perceptual Data Reduction)

Lossy compression achieves much smaller file sizes by permanently discarding image data that is less perceptible to human vision. JPEG, WebP lossy, and AVIF use this approach to achieve 10:1 to 50:1 compression ratios.

Bit Depth

Bit Depth (Color Depth / Bits Per Pixel)

Bit depth determines the number of possible color values each pixel can represent. Higher bit depths allow more colors and smoother gradients: 8-bit provides 256 values per channel (16.7M colors), while 16-bit provides 65,536.

Vector Graphics

Vector Graphics (Resolution-Independent Graphics)

Vector graphics represent images as mathematical descriptions of geometric shapes, paths, and text rather than pixel grids. They scale to any size without quality loss, making them ideal for logos, icons, and illustrations.

Raster Graphics

래스터 그래픽 (비트맵 이미지)

색상 값이 있는 개별 픽셀의 그리드로 구성된 이미지 유형입니다. 사진과 복잡한 이미지에 적합하지만, 확대하면 품질이 저하(픽셀화)됩니다.

HDR

HDR (하이 다이나믹 레인지)

밝은 하이라이트부터 어두운 그림자까지 표준 이미지보다 더 넓은 범위의 밝기 값을 캡처하고 표현하는 이미징 기술입니다.

WebP

WebP (웹 사진 형식)

Google이 개발한 현대적인 이미지 형식으로, JPEG과 비슷한 품질에서 25-34% 더 작은 파일 크기를 제공합니다. 손실 압축과 무손실 압축, 투명도 및 애니메이션을 모두 지원합니다.

Sprite Sheet

스프라이트 시트 (이미지 아틀라스)

하나의 이미지 파일에 결합된 작은 이미지 또는 프레임의 컬렉션으로, 게임 개발과 웹 디자인에서 여러 개별 파일 대신 하나의 파일만 로드하여 성능을 향상시키는 데 사용됩니다.

Thumbnail

썸네일 (미리보기 이미지)

전체 이미지 또는 비디오의 축소된 미리보기 버전으로, 사용자가 전체 파일을 열기 전에 시각적 미리보기를 제공합니다.

Crop

크롭 (이미지 영역 선택)

이미지에서 원하는 영역을 선택하고 나머지를 제거하여 구도를 개선하거나 불필요한 요소를 제거하거나 특정 종횡비에 맞추는 과정입니다.

Resize

리사이즈 (이미지 크기 조정)

이미지의 픽셀 치수를 변경하여 크게 만들거나(업스케일) 작게 만드는(다운스케일) 과정입니다. 웹 최적화, 인쇄 준비 또는 특정 디스플레이 요구 사항에 맞추기 위해 사용됩니다.

Image Optimization

이미지 최적화 (웹 성능)

시각적 품질을 허용 가능한 수준으로 유지하면서 이미지 파일 크기를 줄이는 기술의 총칭으로, 웹 페이지 로드 시간을 단축하고 대역폭을 절약합니다.

Image Interpolation

Image Interpolation (Pixel Resampling)

Image interpolation is the method used to calculate new pixel values when resizing an image. Different algorithms (nearest-neighbor, bilinear, bicubic, Lanczos) trade speed for quality when scaling images up or down.

ICC Profile

ICC Profile (International Color Consortium Profile)

An ICC profile is a standardized data file that characterizes a color device (monitor, printer, scanner) or color space. Embedding ICC profiles in images ensures that colors are reproduced accurately across different devices.

Convolution

Convolution (Image Filter Kernel Operation)

Convolution is the fundamental operation behind image filters like blur, sharpen, and edge detection. A small matrix (kernel) slides across the image, computing weighted sums of neighboring pixels to produce the output.

Canvas

Canvas (Image Working Area)

In image editing, the canvas is the total working area that defines the boundaries of the image. Resizing the canvas adds or removes space around the existing image content without scaling it.

DPI/PPI

DPI/PPI (Dots/Pixels Per Inch)

DPI (dots per inch) and PPI (pixels per inch) measure image resolution density. PPI describes screen display density, while DPI refers to print output resolution. 72 PPI is standard for web, 300 DPI for print.

Gamma

Gamma (Brightness Transfer Function)

Gamma describes the nonlinear relationship between pixel values and displayed brightness. A gamma of 2.2 (the sRGB standard) means that pixel value 128 is not 50% brightness but approximately 21.8%, matching human perception.

Histogram

Histogram (Tonal Distribution Graph)

An image histogram is a graph showing the distribution of pixel brightness values from shadows (left) to highlights (right). Photographers and editors use histograms to evaluate exposure, contrast, and tonal balance.

Noise Reduction (Image)

Image Noise Reduction

Techniques for removing unwanted grain or artifacts from images caused by high ISO or low-light conditions.

Panorama Stitching

Panorama Image Stitching

Combining multiple overlapping photographs into a single wide-angle or 360-degree panoramic image.

Image Segmentation

Partitioning an image into multiple regions or objects, used in computer vision for scene understanding.

Object Detection

A computer vision task that identifies and locates objects within an image using bounding boxes and class labels.

Feature Matching

Image Feature Matching

Finding corresponding keypoints between two images for alignment, stitching, or 3D reconstruction.

Mipmap

Mipmap (Multum In Parvo)

A set of pre-computed, progressively smaller versions of a texture used to improve rendering speed and reduce aliasing.

Texture Atlas

A large image containing many smaller sub-images, used in 3D graphics and games to reduce draw calls.

Morphological Operations

Morphological Image Operations

Image processing operations (erosion, dilation, opening, closing) that modify shapes based on a structuring element.

IPTC

International Press Telecommunications Council Metadata

A metadata standard for news photos including caption, creator, copyright, and keyword information.

Gamut Mapping

Color Gamut Mapping

The process of converting colors from one color space to another while handling out-of-gamut colors gracefully.

Tone Mapping

HDR Tone Mapping

Converting high dynamic range image data to a displayable range while preserving visual detail and contrast.

Vignetting

Image Vignetting

The darkening of image corners relative to the center, caused by lens optics or intentionally applied as a creative effect.

XMP

Extensible Metadata Platform

An Adobe-created XML metadata standard for embedding editing history, keywords, and rights information in files.

Focus Stacking

Combining multiple images shot at different focus distances to produce one image with greater depth of field.