Glosarium

Alpha Channel

Alpha Channel (Transparency Mask)

An alpha channel stores transparency information for each pixel in an image, with values ranging from fully transparent to fully opaque. It is the fourth channel in RGBA color, enabling smooth blending of images over backgrounds.

Aspect Ratio

Aspect Ratio (Width-to-Height Proportion)

Aspect ratio is the proportional relationship between an image's width and height, expressed as two numbers separated by a colon. Common ratios include 16:9 (widescreen), 4:3 (classic), and 1:1 (square).

AVIF

AVIF (Format File Gambar AV1)

Format gambar generasi terbaru berdasarkan codec video AV1 yang menawarkan efisiensi kompresi signifikan lebih baik dibandingkan JPEG dan WebP, memberikan gambar berkualitas tinggi dengan ukuran file sangat kecil.

Chroma Subsampling

Chroma Subsampling (Color Resolution Reduction)

Chroma subsampling reduces the color resolution of an image while preserving full brightness (luminance) detail. Human eyes are less sensitive to color changes than brightness changes, making this an efficient compression technique.

Chromatic Aberration

A lens defect causing color fringing at edges where different wavelengths of light focus at slightly different points.

Color Grading (Image)

Image Color Grading

Adjusting color balance, contrast, and tone curves to achieve a desired mood or visual style in an image.

Compression Artifact

Compression Artifact (Visual Distortion)

Compression artifacts are visible distortions introduced by lossy compression algorithms. Common artifacts include blockiness (JPEG macroblocks), ringing around sharp edges, color banding in gradients, and mosquito noise.

Dithering (Image)

Image Dithering

A technique that simulates additional colors by arranging limited-palette pixels in patterns that blend visually.

Image Histogram

A graphical representation of pixel intensity distribution in an image, used to assess exposure and contrast.

Image Registration

Aligning two or more images of the same scene taken at different times, viewpoints, or by different sensors.

Metadata

Metadata (Image Descriptive Data)

Image metadata is information embedded within an image file that describes its properties, origin, and content. This includes EXIF camera data, IPTC editorial information, XMP descriptive tags, and ICC color profiles.

Resolution

Resolusi (Dimensi Piksel)

Jumlah piksel yang menyusun gambar digital, ditentukan oleh lebar dan tinggi (misalnya 1920×1080). Resolusi yang lebih tinggi berarti lebih banyak detail dan kejelasan, tetapi juga ukuran file yang lebih besar.

Alpha Compositing

Combining semi-transparent images by blending pixel colors according to their alpha channel values.

Image Pyramid

A multi-scale representation of an image at progressively lower resolutions, used in image analysis and blending.

Rasterization

Rasterization (Vector-to-Pixel Conversion)

Rasterization is the process of converting vector graphics (mathematical shapes) into raster images (pixel grids). This is necessary when displaying SVG, PDF, or font glyphs on pixel-based screens or exporting to bitmap formats.

Color Space

Color Space (Color Model)

A color space is a specific organization of colors that defines the gamut (range) of representable colors. sRGB is the web standard, Adobe RGB covers more greens and cyans for print, and Display P3 serves modern wide-gamut displays.

Lossy Compression

Lossy Compression (Perceptual Data Reduction)

Lossy compression achieves much smaller file sizes by permanently discarding image data that is less perceptible to human vision. JPEG, WebP lossy, and AVIF use this approach to achieve 10:1 to 50:1 compression ratios.

Bit Depth

Bit Depth (Color Depth / Bits Per Pixel)

Bit depth determines the number of possible color values each pixel can represent. Higher bit depths allow more colors and smoother gradients: 8-bit provides 256 values per channel (16.7M colors), while 16-bit provides 65,536.

Vector Graphics

Vector Graphics (Resolution-Independent Graphics)

Vector graphics represent images as mathematical descriptions of geometric shapes, paths, and text rather than pixel grids. They scale to any size without quality loss, making them ideal for logos, icons, and illustrations.

Raster Graphics

Grafik Raster (Gambar Bitmap)

Gambar digital yang tersusun dari kisi piksel berwarna individu, di mana setiap piksel menyimpan nilai warna tertentu. Tidak seperti grafik vektor, gambar raster memiliki resolusi tetap dan dapat mengalami pikselasi saat diperbesar.

HDR

HDR (Rentang Dinamis Tinggi)

Teknologi yang menangkap dan menampilkan rentang kecerahan dan warna yang jauh lebih luas dibandingkan gambar standar, menghasilkan sorotan yang lebih terang, bayangan yang lebih dalam, dan warna yang lebih hidup yang lebih mendekati penglihatan manusia.

WebP

WebP (Format Gambar Web)

Format gambar modern yang dikembangkan oleh Google yang menyediakan kompresi lossy dan lossless superior dengan ukuran file yang jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan JPEG dan PNG, sekaligus mendukung transparansi dan animasi.

Sprite Sheet

Sprite Sheet (Atlas Gambar)

Satu file gambar yang berisi kumpulan gambar atau frame yang lebih kecil yang disusun dalam kisi, digunakan dalam pengembangan game dan web untuk mengurangi permintaan HTTP dan meningkatkan performa rendering.

Thumbnail

Thumbnail (Gambar Pratinjau)

Versi kecil dari gambar asli yang berfungsi sebagai pratinjau, memungkinkan pengguna menjelajahi banyak gambar dengan cepat sebelum memilih mana yang akan dilihat dalam ukuran penuh.

Crop

Crop (Pemilihan Area Gambar)

Proses memilih dan mengekstrak area persegi panjang tertentu dari gambar, membuang bagian luar untuk memperbaiki komposisi, fokus pada subjek, atau menyesuaikan rasio aspek.

Resize

Resize (Penskalaan Gambar)

Proses mengubah dimensi piksel suatu gambar, baik memperbesar (upscaling) untuk mencetak atau tampilan, maupun memperkecil (downscaling) untuk web atau mengurangi ukuran file.

Image Optimization

Optimasi Gambar (Performa Web)

Teknik dan proses untuk mengurangi ukuran file gambar sambil mempertahankan kualitas visual yang dapat diterima, meningkatkan kecepatan muat halaman web dan mengurangi penggunaan bandwidth.

Image Interpolation

Image Interpolation (Pixel Resampling)

Image interpolation is the method used to calculate new pixel values when resizing an image. Different algorithms (nearest-neighbor, bilinear, bicubic, Lanczos) trade speed for quality when scaling images up or down.

ICC Profile

ICC Profile (International Color Consortium Profile)

An ICC profile is a standardized data file that characterizes a color device (monitor, printer, scanner) or color space. Embedding ICC profiles in images ensures that colors are reproduced accurately across different devices.

Convolution

Convolution (Image Filter Kernel Operation)

Convolution is the fundamental operation behind image filters like blur, sharpen, and edge detection. A small matrix (kernel) slides across the image, computing weighted sums of neighboring pixels to produce the output.

Canvas

Canvas (Image Working Area)

In image editing, the canvas is the total working area that defines the boundaries of the image. Resizing the canvas adds or removes space around the existing image content without scaling it.

DPI/PPI

DPI/PPI (Dots/Pixels Per Inch)

DPI (dots per inch) and PPI (pixels per inch) measure image resolution density. PPI describes screen display density, while DPI refers to print output resolution. 72 PPI is standard for web, 300 DPI for print.

Gamma

Gamma (Brightness Transfer Function)

Gamma describes the nonlinear relationship between pixel values and displayed brightness. A gamma of 2.2 (the sRGB standard) means that pixel value 128 is not 50% brightness but approximately 21.8%, matching human perception.

Histogram

Histogram (Tonal Distribution Graph)

An image histogram is a graph showing the distribution of pixel brightness values from shadows (left) to highlights (right). Photographers and editors use histograms to evaluate exposure, contrast, and tonal balance.

Noise Reduction (Image)

Image Noise Reduction

Techniques for removing unwanted grain or artifacts from images caused by high ISO or low-light conditions.

Panorama Stitching

Panorama Image Stitching

Combining multiple overlapping photographs into a single wide-angle or 360-degree panoramic image.

Image Segmentation

Partitioning an image into multiple regions or objects, used in computer vision for scene understanding.

Object Detection

A computer vision task that identifies and locates objects within an image using bounding boxes and class labels.

Feature Matching

Image Feature Matching

Finding corresponding keypoints between two images for alignment, stitching, or 3D reconstruction.

Mipmap

Mipmap (Multum In Parvo)

A set of pre-computed, progressively smaller versions of a texture used to improve rendering speed and reduce aliasing.

Texture Atlas

A large image containing many smaller sub-images, used in 3D graphics and games to reduce draw calls.

Morphological Operations

Morphological Image Operations

Image processing operations (erosion, dilation, opening, closing) that modify shapes based on a structuring element.

IPTC

International Press Telecommunications Council Metadata

A metadata standard for news photos including caption, creator, copyright, and keyword information.

Gamut Mapping

Color Gamut Mapping

The process of converting colors from one color space to another while handling out-of-gamut colors gracefully.

Tone Mapping

HDR Tone Mapping

Converting high dynamic range image data to a displayable range while preserving visual detail and contrast.

Vignetting

Image Vignetting

The darkening of image corners relative to the center, caused by lens optics or intentionally applied as a creative effect.

XMP

Extensible Metadata Platform

An Adobe-created XML metadata standard for embedding editing history, keywords, and rights information in files.

Focus Stacking

Combining multiple images shot at different focus distances to produce one image with greater depth of field.